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Econometrics

Time-Series Data: Why Stationarity and Co-Integration Are Not Optional

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Why Stationarity and Co-Integration Are Not Optional in Time-Series Data

Time-series models are among the most powerful tools in empirical research — used to forecast trends, evaluate policy impacts, and assess long-term relationships across economics, finance, climate, and public policy. But too often, researchers focus on sophisticated modeling techniques (like ARDL, VAR, or VECM) without laying the proper statistical foundation.The result? Spurious regressions, invalid inferences, … Read more

The Wrong Use of Control Variables is Killing Your Regression Model

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The Wrong Use of Control Variables is Killing Your Regression Model

Regression analysis is one of the most widely used statistical tools in empirical research. Yet, beneath many published models lies a silent killer of validity: the misuse of control variables. Too often, researchers include controls reflexively — without a clear understanding of their role in causal inference or model integrity. This article dives into what … Read more